Voice over Internet Protocol

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packet-switched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone.
Internet telephony refers to communications services — voice, facsimile, and/or voice-messaging applications — that are transported via the Internet, rather than the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The basic steps involved in originating an Internet telephone call are conversion of the analog voice signal to digital format and compression/translation of the signal into Internet protocol (IP) packets for transmission over the Internet; the process is reversed at the receiving end.
VoIP systems employ session control protocols to control the set-up and tear-down of calls as well as audio codecs which encode speech allowing transmission over an IP network as digital audio via an audio stream. Codec use is varied between different implementations of VoIP (and often a range of codecs are used); some implementations rely on narrowband and compressed speech, while others support high fidelity stereo codecs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol

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Coastline Community College

Coastline Community College is a community college in Fountain Valley, California. It offers Associate in Arts degrees and career and technical courses for occupational certificates. The college was founded in 1976, and is part of the Coast Community College District. Its location in Orange County California is a reasonable drive from San Bernardino, Riverside and Los Angeles Counties with some students even driving from San Diego County for its more specialized classes.
Instruction is offered in nine different cities within the college service area, at approximately 50 sites, including banks, senior centers, high schools, office buildings, and shopping malls. In addition to these sites, the College has main area learning centers based in Costa Mesa, Fountain Valley, and Westminster. In 1997, the College opened a center in Garden Grove with lab and large lecture facilities. In 2006 Coastline opened a new center in Westminster called the Le-Jao Center, for providing job-related technical skills. In 2006 the College opened an art gallery in Huntington Beach which showcases the artistic abilities of students, faculty and community members.
Coastline also offers distance education, including telecourses and the use of Pocket PC and personal digital assistants. Coastline's Distance Learning department has created an open source course management system (CMS) called Seaport which is similar to the products of Blackboard and WebCT. Its Military Outreach program delivers courses to every branch of the U.S. Armed Services. Coastline is also the first college to ever offer a complete degree available through content designed for distribution via a Pocket PC or other mobile learning device (cell phone, iPod, etc.).

Cisco opens office in Islamabad

KARACHI: Dr. Aamir Matin has been appointed the General Manager of Cisco Systems Pakistan Cisco Pakistan as the company expands operation by opening an office in Islamabad, according to press statement issued on Wednesday.

It said Cisco Systems, the worldwide networking provider company for the Internet has further strengthened its presence by opening up a large office in Islamabad. staff report

http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default...1-5-2006_pg5_6

Network switch

A network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments.
The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally process data at the network layer (layer 3 and above) are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches.
The term network switch does not generally encompass unintelligent or passive network devices such as hubs and repeaters.
The first Ethernet switch was introduced by Kalpana in 1990.
Typical SOHO network switch.

SOHO / Workgroup Switch  With 16 / 24 10/100Mbps ports, the Fast Ethernet Switch provides a cost-effective and high-performance solution for SOHO / SMB workgroup. To segment the network and ease the network traffic, the Fast Ethernet Switch is useful for SOHO switched networks as the friendly network backbone. Because of providing array LED indicators, the network status can be monitored at a glance

Token-Ring

Token ring local area network (LAN) technology is a local area network protocol which resides at the data link layer (DLL) of the OSI model. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that travels around the ring. Token ring frames travel completely around the loop.

Examples: Configure SNA over token ring

The examples here describe the dependencies of a parameter or the required parameter values for various SNA network environments.
This disclaimer information pertains to code examples.

This command creates the TOKENRING1 line description that all the examples use:

CRTLINTRN LIND(TOKENRING1) RSRCNAME(TRN_IOA) LINESPEED(16M)
          MAXFRAME(16393) ADPTADR(400003190001) EXCHID(05600000)
          SSAP((04 *MAXFRAME *CALC) (08))

This figure shows the network used by the examples:

Figure 1. Example token-ring network

Ethernet

Ethernet is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). The name comes from the physical concept of the ether. It defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for the Physical Layer of the OSI networking model, through means of network access at the Media Access Control (MAC) /Data Link Layer, and a common addressing format.

A standard 8P8C (often called RJ45) connector used most commonly on cat5 cable, a type of cabling used primarily in Ethernet networks.



Ethernet is standardized as IEEE 802.3. The combination of the twisted pair versions of Ethernet for connecting end systems to the network, along with the fiber optic versions for site backbones, is the most widespread wired LAN technology. It has been in use from around 1980^[1] to the present, largely replacing competing LAN standards such as token ring, FDDI, and ARCNET.